Carburetor for internal-combustion motors



Jul 28, 1925.

' L. A. A. HENNEQUIN CARBURETOR FQR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS Filed Sept. '1, 1920 July 28, 1925. 1,547,323

L. A. A. HENNEQUIN v CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS Filed Sept, 1, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 28, 1925.

D STATES PATENT (35F LOUIS ANATOLE aUGUsTE HENNEoUx-N,

' GAs'roN'FRoMoNT, or LEVALLOIS4PER-RET, FRANCE.

O1? COM-PIEGNE, FRANCE, ASSIGNQR CARBURETOR- FOR INTERNALrCOMBUSTION.MOTORS.

Application filed September To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, LOUIS AN 'roLn AUc s'rn .HEN E IN, a, citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 5 Rue SainttlgrrthnCompiegne, Oise, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carburetors for lnt ernal-Combus tion Motors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact de-. scription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying draw,- ings, and to letters orfigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The.present invention has for its object to provide an automatic carburetor which is devoid ofaconstant level supply reservoir and in which the air admission inlet is controlled by a flat smoothivalve which is substantially larger. than the inlet, is raised from its seat and is traversed .by a. fuel needle valve that controls thefuel admission. the needle valve passing through the air valve without any appreciable play and the mounting ofthe air valve being efiected in a manner to permit only a .very small lift 4 thereof .in order that the fuel may spread in' a sheet. or layer under the valve by the force of its injection and the action of the drawn-in current of air.

In. the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an elevation ofa carburetor for internalcombustion engines constructed according to the first embodiment of this invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same on the line 22 Fig. 1. Fig. Sisa vertical section on the line 33 Fig. -1. Fig. l is a horizontal section on the line Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is another horizontal sectionon the line 5-5 Fig. 3, in which the valve is shownin broken lines. Fig. 6 is an elevation, with certain parts in section, of a device for heating the carbureted mixture. Fig. 7 is a detail section of a modified form of the. valve. Fig. 8 is'a vertical section of another modified form of carburetor. .The carburetor is essentially constituted .by a main body whose lowerpart a forms the central chamber of the carburetor proper, and whose upperpart a of smaller diameter forms the outgoing passage for the carbureted fuel. The lower part a is pr v e W th an Oute .scre threaded 013- 1, 1920. Serial naao iasv.

tion a? having'screwed thereon the closing nut b. The main body or casing ofthe car buretor is provided at the upper part with a flange Theva-lve c is'yieldingly held at one p'ointby means of a spring al which bears against the head'd of a bolt l having the said spring mounted thereon. Said valve is of substantially the same diameter asthe body portion a and has a lateral cutaway portion'o .as shownin Figs. 1 and 5, which cooperates with the'fiaperatures c and duct 0 topermit the passage of the carburant into the body portion a. The valve seat c. is. provided with the apertures 25 for admission .of air and with a' central 1 duct 0 forthe admission of carburant, its lower part 6 being adapted to be connectedby any suitable means with the carburant piping (not shown). .The needle of the valve" is constituted "by a rod f having a shoulder f and ending at the lower part thereof in a conical portion or needle proper, F. The needle "is given a suitableconical shape whereby the amounts of carburan't and air shall have. a constant ratio in all cases for a given temperature of the outer air irrespective of the positions ofthevalve and the needle. Thatisto say, as the valve 0 is raised and an increased amount of air passes through the apertures ef the needle f is withdrawn from the duct 6 to permit an increased amount ofthe carburant to be disch'arged through said duct. Upon the upper threaded part i 'of'the rod fis screwed the stop piece g l The needle is impelled downwardly by means of the spring 7,- and the rod thereof is slidable n a guide portion h. e

The device for regulating the admission of carburant comprises a crosspin 7c slidable in the helicoidal slots (4 provided in the wall a? of the casing. 'The pin ic has securedthereto a stop piece k by means of ,the screw 10?. The pin is is secured to a sleeve 76 which may be actuated for -instance 'by means of a rigid or flexible mechanism connected with a governor or an accelerator. It will be readily observed that the movement of the sleeve k causes the pin Zcto move in such manner that its axis describe'd 'a helix whose directriX is the axis oftherod f, thereby causing the vertical movement of the stop piece and varying. the stroke available for the needle f3. Inasmuch as t-he lift of the valve limited by the shoulder f of the needle, this device serves to regulate the stroke of the valve and the needle at the same time and it consequently regulates the automatically proportioned admission of the carbureted mixture.

The fuel under pressure is projected by the tube 6 and spreads out in the form of a mushroom by reason of the conical end of needle F. The current of air which is drawn in through the orifices 6 will then spread out the fuel or carburant under the flat and polished valve thereby forming a thin layer over which the current of air is caused to flow, thus effecting a good carburation of the admitted air.

The device for heating the gases admitted into the carburetor is essentially constituted by a tube m of any suitable form which passes through the central chamber A. of the carburetor and is traversed by a portion of the exhaust gases. The said tube enters and leaves this central chamber by means of the threaded bosses a which in the example here represented are cast with the main body a of the carburetor.

The second device for heating the carbureted mixture, which is shown in Fig. 6, is constituted by a worm tube a traversed by the exhaust gases, and the latter are caused to give up a portion of their heat which is thus recovered. The said worm tube is disposed for instance in the upper part a of the main body of the carburetor.

The modified form of the valve 0 shown in Fig. 7 comprises an extension 0 which is perpendicular to the face 0, thus increasing the path followed by the air and carburant while in process of mixing, whereby the surface of the layer of fuel which extends under the flat valve and the extension 0 is increased and consequently the quality of the mixture is correspondingly increased. By increasing the surface of the valve, the surface of the carburant is increased so that the dimensions of the main body a of the device may be reduced, and it will even be possible to give to the latter a diameter equal to that of the out going passage a t is evident that the above described device for heating the admitted gases will only be put in operation when the motor is already running. Nhen heavy oils are used as carburants, it will be advantageous to facilitate the starting by heating the carburant, and this can be carried out by the use of an independent method for heating the carburant before it reaches the carburetor, for instance by means of an electric heating device. A method whereby the heat ing of the mixture can be obviated consists in supplying the carburetor with gasoline at the time of starting, and with a mixture of gasoline and oil or heavy carburant such as kerosene during the running of the motor.

For this purpose the carburetor contains in i feed pipe E. This second needle is also actuated by the valve when this latter is lifted,.and it is so disposed that when the valve rises it first draws up the gasoline needle and as it continues to rise it then draws up the needle for the heavy carburant. The dimensions of the auxiliary needle should be such as to provide a proportion of about 10% kerosene or oil for 1% gasoline for the normal running of the motor. It is found that by reason of this arrangement, this carburetor will operate at slow speed almost entirely by the use of gasoline, inasmuch as the lift of the valve is small in amount and does not occasion the lifting of the oil needle.

I claim:

1. An automatic carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising a main body having a fiat bottom provided with an orifice for the admission of air into said body, a fuel feed tube opening into the latter in the plane of said orifice, a passage for the discharge of the carbureted air, a fiat valve yieldingly seated on said bottom and of substantially the same area as the cross section of the main bodyand having a lateral cut-away portion co-operating with the admission orifice, a movable needle traversing the valve and controlling the fuel feed tube situated directly under the valve, and means for securing the valve upon its seat while enabling the upward movement thereof.

2. An automatic carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising a main body having a flat bottom provided with an orifice for the admission of air into said body, a fuel feed tube opening into the latter in the plane of the orifice, a passage for the discharge of the carbureted air, a flat valve yieldingly seated on said bottom and of substantially the same area as the cross section of the main body and having a lateral cutout portion co-operating with the air admis sion orifice, a movable needle traversing the valve and controlling the outlet of the fuel feed tube situated directly under the valve, a stationary bolt, a spring surrounding the latter adapted to press the valve upon its seat, a collar provided upon the needle whereby the lifting of the valve causes the lifting of said needle, and a separate spring for pressing the needle upon its seat when the valve is closed.

3. An automatic carburetor, comprising a main body having a flat bottom provided with an orifice for the admission of air into said body, fuel feed tubes, a passage for the discharge of the carbureted air, a flat valve yieldingly seated on said bottom and of substantially the same area as the cross section of the main body and having a lateral cutout portion cooperating with the air admission orifice, movable needles traversing the valve and adapted to control the outlets of fuel feed tubes situated under the valves in the plane of said orifice, means for securing the valve upon its seat while enabling the upward movement thereof, means for securing the needles on the fuel feed tubes, and means whereby one needle is caused to rise by the upward movement of the valve at any desired moment to admit a light carburant previous to admitting a heavy carburant to the carburetor.

4. An automatic carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising a main body the carbureted air, a flat valve yieldingly seated on said bottom and of substantially the same cross-section as the main body and having a lateral cut-out portion cooperating with the air admission orifice, movable needles traversing the valve and adapted to control the fuel feed tubes situated under the valve, means for securing the valve upon its seat while enabling the upward moVe-.

ment thereof, means for securing the needles on the fuel feed tubes, and means whereby one needle is caused to rise by the upward movement of the valve prior to the second needle, to successively admit light and heavy carburants to the carburetor.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name.

LOUIS ANATOLE AUGUSTE HENNEQUIN. 

